With the growing demand for electricity and the rapid development of renewable energy, microgrids, as an emerging energy system, have demonstrated significant potential. Microgrids can enhance the stability and reliability of power supply while enabling more efficient utilization of energy resources. Off-grid operation is a critical mode for microgrids, providing an independent power supply isolated from the main grid. This paper explores the strategies and control methods for off-grid operation in microgrids.

First, off-grid operation strategies determine the operational modes of microgrids under different conditions. Off-grid operation can be categorized into active off-grid and passive off-grid modes. Active off-grid refers to scenarios where a microgrid voluntarily disconnects from the main grid during stable grid conditions to optimize energy utilization. Passive off-grid occurs when the microgrid automatically switches to off-grid mode due to main grid failures or outages, ensuring continuity of power supply. When designing off-grid strategies, factors such as power supply reliability, economic efficiency, and environmental sustainability must be considered.

Second, control methods for off-grid operation are crucial to ensuring the stability of microgrid operations. The control system must monitor and regulate energy balance among subsystems in real time to guarantee stable power supply. In off-grid mode, the microgrid must coordinate the operation of battery energy storage systems and renewable energy generation systems to balance power loads. Additionally, adjustments to power configurations and operational strategies should be made promptly based on fluctuations in power demand to improve supply efficiency and economic performance.

Furthermore, energy management is a key component of off-grid operation control. Energy management in off-grid mode primarily involves energy harvesting, storage, and distribution. Microgrids utilize renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaics and wind turbines for autonomous energy harvesting. Simultaneously, energy storage systems like batteries enable effective energy retention. In off-grid mode, energy distribution is equally critical, requiring rational allocation of energy usage and storage based on power demand and resource availability.

Moreover, the application of intelligent technologies has profoundly influenced off-grid control methods. Intelligent technologies enable real-time monitoring, data analysis, and smart control of microgrids. Through IoT (Internet of Things) and AI algorithms, the operational status of a microgrid can be precisely monitored and analyzed, optimizing off-grid strategies and control methods. The integration of intelligent technologies not only enhances operational stability and reliability but also reduces costs and environmental impacts.

In conclusion, off-grid operation strategies and control methods are pivotal to achieving efficient and reliable power supply in microgrids. By formulating rational off-grid strategies, microgrids can optimize energy utilization during active off-grid scenarios while ensuring power continuity during passive off-grid events. Appropriate control methods and energy management techniques ensure operational stability and reliability. Additionally, intelligent technologies unlock further possibilities for efficient and cost-effective off-grid operation. As technology advances and applications deepen, off-grid microgrids are poised to play an increasingly vital role in future energy systems.